A traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when an external force causes damage to the brain. This often results from a blow, bump, or jolt to the head, and can range in severity from a mild concussion to a severe injury that leads to long-term disability or even death. Understanding TBI is the first step to identifying its symptoms and causes.
Symptoms of a traumatic brain injury
The symptoms of TBI can vary greatly depending on the severity and location of the injury. In mild cases, the person may experience a temporary headache or dizziness, with symptoms fading within a few hours or days. Moderate to severe TBIs can lead to a wide array of symptoms that can persist or worsen over time.
These symptoms include loss of consciousness, confusion, memory problems, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, and motor skill impairments. Other common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light or sound, changes in behavior, and severe headaches. In some cases, seizures or loss of coordination may occur.
Causes of a traumatic brain injury
The primary cause of TBI is external trauma to the head, which can occur in a variety of settings. Accidents, such as car crashes, falls, or sports injuries, are among the leading causes of TBI. In some cases, an object striking the head, such as during a violent assault, can lead to a brain injury. Slips and falls are common causes of TBI, especially among older adults, who are more prone to balance issues and hazardous environments.
People who have experienced multiple TBIs, such as athletes in contact sports, may face an increased risk of developing long-term complications, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive brain disease.
Prevention and management
Although some TBIs are unavoidable, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk. Wearing protective gear during sports, using seat belts while driving, and taking precautions to prevent falls can significantly lower the chances of sustaining a brain injury. If you suspect someone has a TBI, immediate medical attention is essential for preventing further damage and ensuring the best possible recovery.
The earlier a TBI is diagnosed and treated, the better the outcome for recovery.
